Jumat, 20 Desember 2013

Kata Depan

Kata Depan. Preposition (kata depan) adalah kata yang tidak dapat berubah bentuknya dan biasanya diletakkan di depan kata benda atau pada kata benda (noun-equivalent, termasuk kata ganti) untuk memperlihatkan hubungannya tertentu dengan kata-kata lain dalam kalimat. Ada berbagai macam bentuk kata depan dalam bahasa inggris / preposition, namun jenis kata yang sering digunakan adalah about, above, across, after, against, along, amid, around, as, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, but, by, despite, down, during, except, for, from, in, inside, into, like, near, of, off, on, onto, opposite, out, outside, over, past, since, through, toward, under, underneath, until, upon, with, within.

1. Preposition - Time
Prepositions of time adalah kata depan atau preposisi yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan waktu. Preposisi yang sering dipakai adalah at, in, dan on.
Kata Depan
Pemakaian
Contoh
on
days of the week
on Sunday
in
months / seasons
time of day
year
after a certain period of time(when?)
in June / in summer
in the evening
in 2012
in an hour
at
for night
for weekend
a certain point of time(when?)
at night
at the weekend
at half past nine
since
over a certain period of time (past till now)
since 1990
for
a certain time in the past
for 4 years
ago
a certain time in the past
4 years ago
before
earlier than a certain point of time
before 2011
to
telling the time
ten to six (5:50)
past
telling the time
ten past six (6:10)
to / till / until
marking the beginning and end of a period of time
from Sunday to/till Friday
till / until
in the sense of how long something is going to last
He is on holiday until Saturday.
by
in the sense of at the latest
up to a certain time
I will be back by 7 o’clock.
By 10 o'clock, I had read five pages.
2. Prepositions – Place (Position and Direction)
Prepositions of place adalah kata depan atau preposisi yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu letak, tempat atau posisi suatu nomina. Preposisi yang sering dipakai adalah at, in, dan on.
Kata Depan
Pemakaian
Contoh
in
room, building, street, town, country
book, paper etc.
car, taxi
picture, world
in the kitchen, in Jakarta

in the book
in the car, in a taxi
in the picture, in the world
at
meaning next to, by an object
for table
for events
place where you are to do something typical (watch a film, study, work)
at the door, at the station
at the table
at a concert, at the party
at the cinema, at school, at work
on

attached
for a place with a river
being on a surface
for a certain side (left, right)
for a floor in a house
for public transport
for television, radio
the picture on the wall
London lies on the Thames.
on the table
on the left
on the first floor
on the bus, on a plane
on TV, on the radio
by, next to, beside
left or right of somebody or something
Jane is standing by / next to / beside the car.
under
on the ground, lower than (or covered by) something else
the bag is under the table
below
lower than something else but above ground
the fish are below the surface
over
covered by something else
meaning more than
getting to the other side (also across)
overcoming an obstacle
put a jacket over your shirt
over 16 years of age
walk over the bridge
climb over the wall
above
higher than something else, but not directly over it
a path above the lake
across
getting to the other side (also over)
getting to the other side
walk across the bridge
swim across the lake
through
something with limits on top, bottom and the sides
drive through the tunnel
to
movement to person or building
movement to a place or country
for bed
go to the cinema
go to Jakarta /Singapore
go to bed
into
enter a room / a building
go into the kitchen / the house
towards
movement in the direction of something (but not directly to it)
go 7 steps towards the house
onto
movement to the top of something
jump onto the table
from
in the sense of where from
a flower from the garden
3. Other Important Preposition
Kata Depan
Pemakaian
Contoh
from
who gave it
a present from Jono
of
who/what does it belong to
what does it show
a page of the book
the picture of a palace
on
walking or riding on horseback
entering a public transport vehicle
on foot, on horseback
get on the bus
in
entering a car  / Taxi
get in the car
off
leaving a public transport vehicle
get off the train
out of
leaving a car  / Taxi
get out of the taxi
by
rise or fall of something
travelling (other than walking or horseriding)
prices have risen by 20 percent
by car, by bus
at
for age
she learned Croatian at 45
about
for topics, meaning what about
we were talking about you

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