Elliptical Sentences

Elliptical Sentences yaitu Kalimat yang diringkas dan pengertiannya sama dengan kalimat utama atau kalimat induk. Peringkasan kalimat digunakan untuk mencegah pengulangan kata. Untuk meringkas kalimat-kalimat tersebut digunakan kata so, too, either, dan neither. Kata too dan so, either dan neither artinya sama, yaitu "juga". Apabila ada dua kalimat yang subjek atau predikat atau objek atau keterangan sama, kita dapat menggabungkan kedua kalimat itu dengan menggunakan “so”, “too”, “neither”, dan "Either". "So" dan "too" digunakan dalam kalimat positif, sedangkan "neither" dan "either" digunakan dalam kalimat negatif. 

• too = juga, digunakan untuk 2 (dua) kalimat yang sama-sama positive (+).
• so = juga, digunakan untuk 2 (dua) kalimat yang sama-sama positive (+).
• either = juga, digunakan untuk 2 (dua) kalimat yang sama-sama negative (-).
• neither = juga, digunakan untuk 2 (dua) kalimat yang sama-sama negative (-).

1. So dan Too

So + ( to be / aux )+  Subject

• You wake up early, they wake up early. You wake up early and so do they
• Mr. James works for the government, Ms Jack works for the government. Mr. James works for the government and  so does Ms. Jack

Subject  +  (to be / aux ) + too

• Mr. James works for the government, Ms Jack works for the government. Mr. James works for the government and Ms. Jack does too
• You wake up early, they wake up early. You wake up early and they do too 

2. Neither dan Either

Neither + ( to be / aux )+ Subject

• Mr. Agus is not reading a newspaper,  Mr. Yudi isn’t reading a news paper. Mr. Agus is not reading a newspaper and neither is Mr. Yudi  
• You did not wake up early, they did not  wake up early. You did not wake up early and neither did they

Subject  +  (to be/aux + not ) + either

• Mr. Agus is not reading a newspaper,  Mr. Yudi isn’t reading a news paper. Mr. Agus is not reading a newspaper and Mr. Yudi isn’t  either
• You did not wake up early, they did not  wake up early. You did not wake up early and  they didn’t either 

Perlu diingat bahwa kata kerja bantu (auxiliary verb) yang digunakan dalam jawaban singkat (Elliptical Sentences) menyesuaikan bentuk waktunya dengan kalimat pertama.

Waktu	Contoh
Present simple:  menggunakan 'do/does'	Lucy likes coffee. So do I. Lucy doesn't like coffee. Neither do I.
Present simple :  dengan 'be':menggunakan 'am/is/are'	John's at the office. So am I. John isn't at the office. Neither am I.
Present continuous:  menggunakan 'am/is/are'	Luke's going out tonight. So am I. Luke isn't going out tonight. Neither am I.
Past Simple:  menggunakan 'did'	Jill went to the cinema yesterday. So did I. Jill didn't go to the cinema yesterday. Neither did I.
Past simple: dengan 'be':menggunakan 'was/were'	She was at the library. So was I. She wasn't at the library. Neither was I.
Present perfect:  menggunakan 'have/has'	They've been to Colombia. So have I. They haven't been to Colombia. Neither have I.
Future simple: menggunakan 'will'	Edward will be at the cafe later. So will I. Edward won't be at the cafe later. Neither will I.
Modal verbs:  menggunakan modal verb	He would like a cup of tea. So would I. He wouldn't like a cup of tea. Neither would I. Emma can speak Russian. So can I. Emma can't speak Russian. Neither can I.